Singh PK, Parsek MR, Greenberg EP, Welsh MJ (May 2002). "A component of innate immunity prevents bacterial biofilm development". Nature. 417 (6888): 552–5. Bibcode: 2002Natur.417..552S. doi: 10.1038/417552a. PMID 12037568. S2CID 4423528. Okada S, Tanaka K, Sato T, et al. Dose-response trial of lactoferrin in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Jpn J Cancer Res 2002;93:1063-9. View abstract. Lactoferrin levels in tear fluid have been shown to decrease in dry eye diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome. [80] A rapid, portable test utilizing microfluidic technology has been developed to enable measurement of lactoferrin levels in human tear fluid at the point-of-care with the aim of improving diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome and other forms of dry eye disease. [81] Nanotechnology [ edit ] When applied to the skin: There isn't enough reliable information to know if lactoferrin is safe. It might cause skin irritation. Algahtani FD, Elabbasy MT, Samak MA, Adeboye AA, Yusuf RA, Ghoniem ME. The Prospect of Lactoferrin Use as Adjunctive Agent in Management of SARS-CoV-2 Patients: A Randomized Pilot Study. Medicina (Kaunas) 2021;57(8):842. View abstract.

El-Hawy MA, Abd Al-Salam SA, Bahbah WA. Comparing oral iron bisglycinate chelate, lactoferrin, lactoferrin with iron and iron polymaltose complex in the treatment of children with iron deficiency anemia. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021;46:367-371. View abstract.The moonlighting glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ( GAPDH) has been demonstrated to function as a receptor for lactoferrin. [35] Bone activity [ edit ] Ashraf MF, Zubair D, Arain MA (2023). "Nutraceutical and Health-Promoting Potential of Lactoferrin, an Iron-Binding Protein in Human and Animal: Current Knowledge". Biological Trace Element Research: 1–17. doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-03658-4. PMC 10104436. PMID 37059920.

Guttner Y, Windsor HM, Viiala CH, Marshall BJ. Human recombinant lactoferrin is ineffective in the treatment of human Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;17:125-9. View abstract. Troost FJ, Saris WH, Brummer RJ. Orally ingested human lactoferrin is digested and secreted in the upper gastrointestinal tract in vivo in women with ileostomies. J Nutr 2002;132:2597-600. View abstract.It is suggested that the oligomer state of lactoferrin is determined by its concentration and that polymerization of lactoferrin is strongly affected by the presence of Ca 2+ ions. In particular, monomers were dominant at concentrations below 10 −10−10 −11 M in the presence of Ca 2+, but they converted into tetramers at lactoferrin concentrations above 10 −9−10 −10 M. [27] [30] Titer of lactoferrin in the blood corresponds to this particular "transition concentration" and thus lactoferrin in the blood should be presented both as a monomer and tetramer. Many functional properties of lactoferrin depend on its oligomeric state. In particular, monomeric, but not tetrameric lactoferrin can strongly bind to DNA. Pursel VG (1998). "Modification of Production Traits". In Clark AJ (ed.). Animal Breeding: Technology for the 21st Century (Modern Genetics). Boca Raton: CRC. p.191. ISBN 978-90-5702-292-0. Kaufman DA, Berenz A, Itell HL, et al. Dose escalation study of bovine lactoferrin in preterm infants: Getting the dose right. Biochem Cell Biol. 2020 Aug 26. View abstract. Ali AS, Hasan SS, Kow CS, Merchant HA. Lactoferrin reduces the risk of respiratory tract infections: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021;45:26-32. View abstract.